Stored routines and parameters
A stored routine packages database-side logic. A parameter supplies a value without constructing SQL by concatenating that value into the statement.
Procedures and functions
Procedures usually execute a workflow; functions return values or tables according to the engine’s rules. Naming and invocation differ between SQL Server, PostgreSQL and MySQL.
Parameters
A parameterized query separates the statement from supplied data. WHERE country = :country is a placeholder pattern, not a request to splice user text into the SQL. Bind through the driver used by your application.
SQL Server example
A procedure can declare @customer_id int and use it in WHERE customer_id = @customer_id. Type the parameters carefully and decide whether the routine should return rows, a status, or both.
Scope of this lab
SQLite has no SQL Server-style CREATE PROCEDURE. The runnable example demonstrates a bound parameter instead. Encapsulation does not remove the need for tests, clear permissions or a reviewable execution plan.